If you want to learn Scheme first try How to Design Programs or Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (both free online). HtDP is more beginner oriented, so if you can program I recommend SICP. There are valuable lessons in HtDP even if you are a programmer, but it's not as challenging as SICP so HtDP might be boring.
Are you aware that x..y and x...y notation is a Range literal in Ruby? I like Pythons syntax better but range notation isn't special syntax for slices.
obj[a,b,...] is sugar for a method call in Ruby (you can define a [] method for your own classes). So there's really only two syntactic forms here, and arguably no special syntax for slices.